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Cassius Clement Stearns
Cassius Clement Stearns was an American composer of church music.〔"Prof. C.C. Stearns was born in Ashburnham, Mass., August 23, 1838, and was the son of Charles and Rebecca Greene (Robbins) Stearns. He went to Worcester to live in 1859, and made that city his home until 1893. During that time he taught music in Worcester and was organist and director of music in a number of Protestant churches. He taught instrumental music at the Oread from 1864 to 1868. He was for many years one of the members of the Board of Government of the Worcester Festival. In 1877 he was one of the Conductors of the Festival, at which time a Mass composed by him was sung. He has also been Conductor of the Westboro Musical Society and of the North Brookfield Musical Society. He has written many musical criticisms and reviews of musical work, and has also lectured on music. His musical compositions number many hundreds, his speciality being church music, written for both the Protestant and the Catholic church. Of special excellence among his choir pieces are the following: ''Praise the Lord Jehovah'', ''Blessed is the Man (Psalm I)'', ''Great is the Lord'', ''How Beautiful Upon the Mountains'', ''Sing and Rejoice'', ''Benedictus'', ''God is our Hope and Strength'' and ''Glad Tidings of Great Joy'' all published by the White-Smith Music Publishing Co. Of his compositions of secular music his ''Scenes from Nature: Six Musical Sketches'' is worthy of special mention. On October 23, 1872, he was married to Miss Gertrude Bottomly of Leicester, Mass. They have no children. Since Professor Stearns left Worcester in 1893, he has resided in Santa Barbara, Cal. and Asheville, N.C., and is living at present in Sharon, Mass." ''History of the Oread Collegiate Institute, Worcester, Mass. (1849-1881): With Biographical Sketches'', p. 265, Martha Burt Wright and Anne M. Bancroft, Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company, 1905〕 He was born on 23 August 1838 in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, the youngest child of Charles Stearns (1796-1874) and Rebecca Green Stearns (née Robbins) (1802-87).〔''Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 (on-line )'' and ''Genealogy and memoirs of Isaac Stearns and his descendants'', entries 2521-2529, Avis Stearns Van Wagenen, 1901. Thomas Stearns Eliot and his mother Charlotte Champe Stearns were also descendants of Isaac Stearns (ibid, entry 2917), a Puritan who emigrated from Stoke Nayland in Suffolk to Watertown, Massachusetts in 1630.〕 He married Gertrude Bottomly (1837-1910)〔Daughter of Booth and Miranda (Deputerin) Bottomly. She is described by Van Wagenen as a fine naturalist. A sister, Augusta Camilla Bottomly, married Church Howe, President of the Nebraska State Senate and US Consul to Palermo, Italy, 1897-1900; Sheffield, England, 1900-1903; Antwerp, Belgium, 1903-1906; Montreal, Canada, 1906-1907; and Manchester, England, 1907-1912. Another sister, Florence Blanca (Bottomly) Condy, was Stearns' executrix. Booth Bottomly came from Saddleworth, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. His father was connected with the Episcopal Church of All Saints, Worcester Ma.: "Thomas Bottomly was one of the most zealous supporters of the early church. Senior warden from 1843 to 1861, he gave the second largest amount ($300) to the first Church Building Fund, and served on many important committees. He was a native of Yorkshire, England, came to Leicester in 1820, and through his activities in woolen manufacturing, was really the founder of Cherry Valley as a manufacturing village. He was active in the Church at Rochdale, from which Reverend Mr. Blackaller was called, and died in 1865, leaving sons in Leicester to carry on his factories." ''All Saints church, Worcester, Massachusetts ; a centennial history, 1835-1935'', Robert Kendall Shaw, Worcester Ma., 1935. Under the leadership of William Reed Huntington All Saints installed a new organ in 1864 and established a choir in 1868, but there is no mention in Shaw's book (pp. 42-43) of Stearns having a connection with the church.〕 of Leicester, Massachusetts, in Boston on 23 October 1872 (a few days before the Great Fire), the celebrant being the Revd. Phillips Brooks.〔''Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 (on-line )''. Brooks was the Rector of Trinity Church (Boston) (an Episcopal parish founded in 1733) and later Bishop of Massachusetts; he is now most famous as the author of the words of the carol ''O Little Town of Bethlehem''〕 Stearns died on 7 August 1910 in Sharon, Massachusetts〔Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 (on-line )〕 and is buried at Worcester Rural Cemetery, Grove Street, Worcester.〔See (Cassius C. Stearns grave )〕
== Life ==
Stearns came from a musical family〔''History of Ashburnham, Massachusetts'', chapter XI, Ezra S. Stearns, 1887. His parents, although not professionals, taught music and were prominent members of the choir in the Congregational meeting house. (The 1791 meeting house survives as the premises of the Ashburnham Historical Society, but was replaced by a new meeting house in the 1830s). His sister, Rebecca Hill Stearns, was a soprano and music teacher and married Capt. Addison A. Walker (see photo), who was known as a fine clarionet player. His brother George Henry Stearns was a musician in the Brigade Band, Twentieth Army Corps during the Civil War and was with General Sherman in his 'March to the Sea'.〕 and showed early promise, playing the bass viol with the choir in the Ashburnham meeting house from childhood.〔"In this choir ... C.C. Stearns, when a lad, accurately played the bass viol." ''History of Ashburnham, Massachusetts'', p. 329, Ezra S. Stearns, 1887. See also ''Genealogy and memoirs of Isaac Stearns and his descendants'', Avis Stearns Van Wagenen, 1901: "His musical taste and ability were manifested at an early age and his proficient execution in boyhood is pleasantly remembered by the residents of his native town, Ashburnham, Mass. He played the bass viol in the Congregational Church before his stature would permit him to reach the strings, and Mr. Miller, the chorister, made a cricket (stool ) for him to stand upon."〕 He studied the piano and organ with Professor Benjamin F. Leavens〔"Benjamin Franklin Leavens () early developed a musical taste, and at the age of eighteen was organist at Christ Church, Boston. He afterward went to St. Paul's Church on Tremont St., where he organized the first boy choir of Boston. In 1857 he removed to Burlington, N. J., and took charge of the music at St. Mary's and at Burlington College under the patronage of his friend, Bishop Doane, of the diocese of New Jersey. Here he remained until the death of Bishop Doane, and in 1863 he removed to Hartford, Conn. During the remainder of his life he was connected with St. John's, Trinity and other Churches, serving also as professor of music in Trinity College until 1870 — making an uninterrupted service with the Episcopal Church of over thirty years. He was an ardent admirer of a high order of Church music, and in the course of his life had collected an extensive library of Church and classical music. Besides the organ, he gave instruction on other instruments. So much time was devoted to instruction that he did not progress in composition, though possessing talent in that direction." from ''The Leavens name including Levings; an account of the posterity descending from emigrant John Levins, 1632-1903'', Philo French Leavens, Passaic N.J., 1903〕 and the cello with Wulf Fries, a member of the Mendelssohn Quintette Club. Starting his musical career in Ashburnham,〔''Massachusetts, State Census, 1855 (on-line )''〕 he moved to Worcester, Massachusetts in 1859, where he was active in the Worcester Music Festival.〔Stearns was a Vice President of the Worcester County Musical Association, which organized the Festival, from 1867 to 1873 and on the Board of Government thereafter. See also ''Collections of the Worcester Society of Antiquity Volume VI'', Worcester Ma., 1881: "Mr. Zerrahn and C. C. Stearns were the conductors in 1877; and this year the time of the festivals was changed to the last week in September, and they have been held in September since that time. An interesting feature of the exercises this year was the performance of the Mass in D, under the direction of the composer, Mr. Stearns.". Further information is given in ''The Worcester Music Festival'' in ''New England Magazine, An Illustrated Monthly'', New Series Volume XXIII No.1, Boston, September 1900 and in ''History of Worcester and its people (Volume 2)'', Charles Nutt, 1919: "The chorus is the mainstay of the festival, the cause of its existence; and the credit of moulding it belongs first of all to Mr. Zerrahn, who served as conductor for thirty-two years, coming here in 1866 and resigning after the festival of 1897. During eleven years he was the sole conductor, but previous to 1897 he had direction of only oratorios and similar works, while the church music, glees and smaller choruses were intrusted to ... responsible musicians of local repute, as ...C. C. Stearns".〕
Stearns was organist and director in several church choirs. For three or four years from 1867 he was the organist of the Congregational (Unitarian) Church on Court Hill, for whose new pastor he composed an anthem ''Awake, put on thy strength'' in 1869.〔''Reminiscences of Worcester from the Earliest Period, Historical and Genealogical With Notices'', pp. 146-148, Caleb A. Wall, Worcester Ma., 1877〕 On 4 July 1881 he played the organ at a packed Prayer Meeting at Mechanics Hall following the assassination of the President, James A. Garfield,〔Stearns played a Funeral march (by Chopin?) arranged by Batiste as the organ voluntary and the hymns ''Nearer my God to Thee''; ''O God, our Help in ages past'' and ''Oh God of Bethel, by whose hand''. The President did not die until 19 September 1881. ''James Abram Garfield, Memorial Observances in the City of Worcester, Printed by order of the City Council'', p.10-11, Worcester Ma., 1881〕 In 1890 he was the organist and director of music at the Pleasant Street Baptist church.〔''Light: A Journal of Social Worcester and her Neighbors'', Worcester Ma., 22 March 1890. The church was rebuilt at that time.〕 However, he was best known as a teacher and composer, particularly of church music, organ and piano studies and songs.〔''Genealogy and memoirs of Isaac Stearns and his descendants'', Avis Stearns Van Wagenen, 1901. See also ''Music in Worcester'' in ''Dictionary of Worcester (Massachusetts) and its vicinity'', Franklin P. Rice, 1893: "C. C. Stearns, the well-known musical composer and teacher, has for the past thirty years resided in Worcester."〕 He is described as a music teacher in directories for Worcester between 1860 and 1893〔''U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989 (on-line )''〕 and taught instrumental music at the Oread Institute from 1864 to 1868.〔''History of the Oread Collegiate Institute, Worcester, Mass. (1849-1881): With Biographical Sketches'', p. 265, Martha Burt Wright and Anne M. Bancroft, Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company, 1905〕 Stearns left Worcester in 1893, but after brief spells in Santa Barbara, California and Asheville, North Carolina returned to Massachusetts.〔In 1898 he was living in Mansfield, Massachusetts, working as an organist and teacher of music in Boston ''U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989 (on-line )''. From 1900 he lived in Sharon, Massachusetts ''1900 and 1910 United States Federal Census (on-line )''.〕
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